Validate friction
Use test data or qualified supplier documentation, not an undifferentiated table value.
Determine tightening torque from target preload using separate thread and bearing friction coefficients.
Set the inputs and start the calculation.
Target preload, thread size, bearing diameter, and separate friction coefficients determine required tightening torque.
Friction consumes most tightening torque. A calculated nominal value is meaningful only when surface, lubrication, and bearing geometry are controlled.
Use test data or qualified supplier documentation, not an undifferentiated table value.
One nominal torque does not represent tool and friction variation.
Clamp load, embedding loss, service load, and fatigue belong in a complete joint assessment.
Testing torque/preload behaviour and separated friction coefficients.
Systematic design of highly stressed single-bolt joints.
Requirements and calibration for hand torque tools.