Determine area, second moments of area, and section moduli for rectangles, circles, and hollow sections.
Set the inputs and run the calculation.
Calculate area, second moments of area and section moduli for idealized sections.
Shape and dimensions such as width, height, diameter and wall thickness define geometry.
Height places material farther from the neutral axis and therefore has a stronger bending effect. This is why a taller slender section raises I and W more than an equally heavy widening.
The area distribution gives I and W; W = I/yₘₐₓ feeds bending stress σ = M/W.
Doubling rectangle height at constant width roughly quadruples I and doubles W.
Sources and limits: Classical section theory; include radii, cut-outs and local buckling for real geometry.
Dimensions are converted into the geometric basis for stress, stiffness, and preliminary sizing. For example, a rectangular beam's section modulus can feed the bending-stress calculator directly.
The calculation uses ideal nominal geometry. Profile radii, tolerances, local buckling, and plastic reserve are excluded.