A consistent comparison
Seasonal annual consumption = summer consumption × summer mileage share + winter consumption × winter mileage share. The all-season value is already a full-year average. Use the same vehicle and a comparable driving profile.
For electric cars, use meter consumption including charging losses. Switching powertrain resets the four energy inputs to example values.
Lifetime and cost
Costs are calculated as a long-run annual budget. Each set is replaced at the earlier of distance-based life and the chosen replacement age. The default six years is a calculation assumption, not a safe-service-life recommendation.
Seasonal tires incur two changes per year. DIY changes, own storage, or existing additional rims can be entered as €0. Optional all-season service costs, such as rotation, are entered separately.
Interpreting the result
A cost intersection is an annual mileage, not a payback period. Prices and driving patterns stay constant. Financing, inflation, residual values, and existing tread depth are not modeled. This calculation compares costs; braking, weather suitability, and local requirements are not calculated outcomes.